Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction:

Asthma is a chronic condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow. COPD is a progressive lung disease (often from smoking) that causes breathing difficulty.

Symptoms:

Persistent cough, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath—especially during physical activity or at night.

Who it affects:

Asthma often begins in childhood or early adulthood. COPD mainly affects older adults, especially smokers or those exposed to pollutants.

Diagnosis:

• Pulmonary function tests (spirometry)
• Chest X-rays
• Oxygen saturation tests

Treatment Options:

Inhalers (bronchodilators & corticosteroids)

Oral medications

Oxygen therapy for COPD

Smoking cessation programs

Self-Management:

Avoid known triggers (dust, smoke, pollution)

Use inhalers correctly and regularly

Keep fit with appropriate exercises like walking or swimming

Get vaccinated (flu, pneumococcal)

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